g-f(2)3111 Modern Warfare Revolution: AI and Mass, Insights from Foreign Affairs

 

genioux Fact post by Fernando Machuca and Copilot

Introduction

The article "Battles of Precise Mass" by Michael C. Horowitz, published in Foreign Affairs in November/December 2024, examines the evolving nature of modern warfare. It highlights the shift from traditional mass warfare to an era where precision and mass coexist, driven by technological advancements in uncrewed systems, AI, and autonomous technologies. This new paradigm has significant implications for military strategy and national security.

genioux GK Nugget

"The fusion of precision and mass in modern warfare, enabled by AI and autonomous systems, represents a transformative shift that challenges traditional military doctrines." — Fernando and Copilot, October 27, 2024

genioux Foundational Fact

The article emphasizes the emergence of the "age of precise mass," where uncrewed systems like UAVs, combined with AI and autonomous technologies, allow militaries to deploy large numbers of precise, effective units. This fusion of precision and mass reshapes military strategy, bringing both opportunities and challenges in terms of efficiency, cost, and ethical considerations.

The 10 Most Relevant genioux Facts

1. Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): The deployment of UAVs like the Bayraktar TB2 by Ukrainian forces signifies a major shift towards precision in warfare.
2. AI and Autonomous Systems: Advances in AI and autonomous systems have enabled the integration of precision and mass in military operations.
3. Commercial Technologies: The availability of commercial technologies and reduced manufacturing costs have democratized access to advanced uncrewed systems.
4. Enhanced Precision: Modern warfare increasingly relies on precise targeting and surveillance capabilities provided by uncrewed systems.
5. Mass Deployment: The ability to deploy large numbers of uncrewed systems has brought "mass" back to the battlefield without sacrificing precision.
6. Historical Shift: The transition from traditional mass warfare to precision warfare has evolved over the last 50 years, culminating in the current era of precise mass.
7. Operational Efficiency: Uncrewed systems enhance operational efficiency by conducting surveillance and accurate attacks, reducing the need for large human forces.
8. Ethical Considerations: The use of AI and autonomous systems raises ethical questions regarding the conduct of warfare and the role of human decision-making.
9. National Adaptation: Nations, particularly the United States, must adapt to this new era by investing in affordable uncrewed systems and integrating advanced technologies into their strategies.
10. Strategic Implications: The fusion of precision and mass in military strategy demands a reevaluation of traditional doctrines and the development of new operational concepts.

Conclusion

The fusion of precision and mass in modern warfare, driven by advancements in AI and autonomous systems, represents a transformative shift with profound implications for military strategy and national security. By leveraging these technologies, militaries can achieve operational efficiency and effectiveness while addressing the ethical and strategic challenges that accompany this new paradigm. Nations must adapt their strategies to stay competitive in this evolving landscape.

REFERENCES

The g-f GK Context

Michael C. Horowitz, Battles of Precise Mass, Foreign Affairs, November/December 2024, Volume 103, Number 6, Published on October 22, 2024.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Michael C. Horowitz

MICHAEL C. HOROWITZ is Richard Perry Professor and Director of Perry World House at the University of Pennsylvania. From 2022 to 2024, he served as U.S. Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Force Development and Emerging Capabilities. He is the author of The Diffusion of Military Power: Causes and Consequences for International Politics.

Classical Summary of the Article

In the article "Battles of Precise Mass" by Michael C. Horowitz, published in Foreign Affairs in November/December 2024, the author explores how technological advancements are reshaping modern warfare. The article highlights the shift from traditional mass warfare, characterized by large numbers of troops and materiel, to a new era where precision and mass coexist.

The article begins by discussing the use of uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs), such as the Turkish-made Bayraktar TB2, by Ukrainian forces in the early stages of the war in Ukraine. These precise drone strikes marked a significant shift in military tactics. Over time, the use of UAVs and other uncrewed systems has become more widespread, with similar technologies being employed in conflicts in the Middle East, including by Iran, Hezbollah, and the Houthis.

The author argues that advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous systems, combined with commercially available technologies and reduced manufacturing costs, have allowed militaries and militant groups to deploy large numbers of uncrewed systems. This has brought "mass" back to the battlefield, but not at the expense of precision.

Historically, having numerically superior forces was critical to victory in battle. However, the last 50 years have seen a shift towards precision warfare, with militaries focusing on advanced weapons that can accurately strike targets. The current era, termed the "age of precise mass," collapses the binary between mass and precision, allowing for the deployment of large numbers of uncrewed systems that can conduct surveillance and stage accurate attacks.

The article concludes by emphasizing the need for nations, particularly the United States, to adapt to this new era of warfare by investing in affordable uncrewed systems and integrating advanced technologies into their military strategies.

Michael C. Horowitz

By Copilot

Michael C. Horowitz is a renowned international relations scholar and a prominent figure in the field of global security. He currently serves as the Richard Perry Professor and Director of Perry World House at the University of Pennsylvania [1]. Perry World House is the university's think tank for global affairs, focusing on addressing critical global challenges through research and policy analysis.

Horowitz has an impressive academic background, having earned his Bachelor of Arts in Political Science from Emory University and his Ph.D. in Government from Harvard University [2]. His research interests include the intersection of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and robotics, with global politics, military innovation, the role of leaders in international politics, and geopolitical forecasting methodology [3].

Before his current academic roles, Horowitz served as the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Force Development and Emerging Capabilities in the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy in the Biden administration [2]. In this capacity, he played a key role in shaping U.S. defense policy and strategy.

Horowitz is the author of "The Diffusion of Military Power: Causes and Consequences for International Politics", which examines how the adoption of new military technologies influences the international balance of power [2]. He is also the co-author of "Why Leaders Fight", a book that explores the motivations behind leaders' decisions to go to war [2]. His work has earned him several prestigious awards, including the Karl Deutsch Award from the International Studies Association for early career contributions to international relations and peace research [2].

In addition to his academic and policy work, Horowitz is a life member of the Council on Foreign Relations and has published extensively in both peer-reviewed journals and popular outlets [3].

[1] global.upenn.edu https://global.upenn.edu/perryworldhouse/expert/michael-c-horowitz

[2] en.wikipedia.org https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_C._Horowitz

[3] live-sas-www-polisci.pantheon.sas.upenn.edu https://live-sas-www-polisci.pantheon.sas.upenn.edu/people/standing-faculty/michael-c-horowitz

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Type: Breaking Knowledge, Free Speech

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REFERENCES

“genioux facts”: The online program on "MASTERING THE BIG PICTURE OF THE DIGITAL AGE”, g-f(2)3111, Fernando Machuca and Copilot, October 27, 2024, Genioux.com Corporation.

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